Learn about the cells that make up all living systems, their organelles, and the differences between living cells and viruses. Understand the events that occur in process of meiosis that takes place to produce our gametes. Understand the events that occur in the cell cycle and the process of mitosis that divides the duplicated genetic material creating two identical daughter cells. Introduce yourself to the cell as the fundamental unit of life and the scientific method. Cells of multi-cellular organisms also receive signals from other cells, including signals for cell division and differentiation. Learn that living organisms constantly receive and interpret signals from their environment. Learn that membranes are fluid, with components that move, change, and perform vital physiological roles as they allow cells to communicate with each other and their environment. Kinetička energija je energija tijela pri kretanju. Savijanje metala pretvara kinetičku energiju auta u toplinu. Neki branici imaju ugrađene deformirajuće zone, koje su osmišljene da smanje energiju sudara te se pri sudaru savijaju. Na ovaj način se štite potrošači a troškovi osiguranja automobila svode se na minimum. Kako bi prošlo test, šteta na vozilu mora biti ispod određenog novčanog iznosa. Zakoni Sjedinjenih američkih država nalažu posebne «crash testove» pri različitim brzinama. Zadaća branika je smanjiti ozljede putnika i štetu na vozilu. Puštanje zraka ili tekućine kroz otvore na ventilima smanjuje energiju sudara. U slučaju sudara, ublaživač udarca propušta zrak i / ili hidrauličnu tekućinu kroz male otvore. Svi branici su napravljeni tako da ublaže snagu sudara, a djeluju na principu ventila i zračnih šupljina. U sudarima pri maloj brzini takvi branici se sažimaju te vraćaju natrag u početni položaj. Branik se montira na šasiju vozila s posebnim ublaživačima udarca, koji često sadrže opruge. Branik također štiti prednji kraj vozila skretanjem momenta sile auta prema predmetu s kojim se vozilo sudarilo. U slučaju sudara, branik apsorbira dio siline udarca te tako smanjuje štetu na vozilu i putnicima u njemu.
Posebno su oblikovani kako bi apsorbirali moment sile tijekom sudara. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses while it is in motion.īranici se prave od masivnog sloja metala a postavljaju se na prednji i stražnji dio automobila. As the metal flexes, the action of the bending metal converts the kinetic energy of the car into heat. Sometimes bumpers are constructed with built-in "crumple zones." Crumple zones are designed to absorb impact they will flex on impact. This protects the consumer and is also very important for keeping the cost of automobile insurance to a minimum. In order to pass, the car's damage level during the crash must be below a specific dollar level. US law requires cars to pass special crash tests at various speeds. The bumper's job is to minimize damage, primarily to the occupants of the vehicle and to the vehicle itself. Forcing the air/fluid through the valve openings absorbs the energy from the collision. In the event of a collision, the absorption unit allows air and/or hydraulic fluid to pass through small openings. Some car bumpers have hydraulic chambers.
#Mitoza i mejoza sprawdzian series
They do this through a series of valves and air chambers. All bumpers are designed to absorb the energy of the impact. In slow speed collisions, this allows the bumper to compress, and then extend back to its original position. These shock absorbers are often spring loaded. The bumper is mounted to the car's chassis with special impact absorbers. It also protects the front of the car by diverting all of the car's momentum to the object with which it has collided.
In the event of a collision, the bumper absorbs some of the impact, which decreases damage to the car and its occupants. Bumpers are bent and formed into specific shapes in order to absorb and deliver momentum during a collision. Bumpers are made of heavy sheet metal and are mounted on the front and rear of the car.